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If you turn on your local financial news, you’re bound to hear the phrase Dow Jones Industrial Average at some point. Most people assume that this just means the stock market, or that it refers to the New York Stock Exchange. But what is the Dow, and what exactly does it measure?

The Dow is a market average. It is used by investors to figure out how certain companies that are being traded are doing. The Dow isn’t the only market average out there, there is the S&P 500 and The Russel 2000, as well.

The Dow takes into account 30 industrial stocks of well-known companies. The 30 companies are likely ones you’ve heard of, like Goodyear, Exxon, IBM or General Motors. The Dow calculates the rises and falls of these 30 stocks and presents a picture of how the overall market and the overall economy are doing. While it may sound complicated, it really isn’t. The Dow is simply a list of 30 companies that have their estimated values averaged together with a particular formula.

The other averages follow essentially the same methods. The S&P 500 uses the values of 500 major companies, while the Russel 2000 keeps up with 2,000 companies that are smaller than the ones used in the S&P and Dow.

The key to following the Dow or any of the other market indexes is to look for trends. Market analysts can decipher problems or benefits in the current economy by looking for particular stocks that go up in certain situation, and particular stocks that go down in others.

The Dow company, now known as Dow Jones & Company was founded in 1882 and they classify themselves as a financial information and publishing firm.

The Dow is responsible for the publication of the Wall Street Journal, maybe the most well known financial publication in the world. The Journal’s first issue was on July 8, 1889. Dow also publishes several other financial publications, as well as Barron’s Magazine.

The Dow also runs several websites dedicated to financial news and information, such as CareerJournal.com and OpinionJournal.com.

The Dow also has a hand in the broadcasting world, where it helps to provide financial content for the CNBC cable network, as well as two finance-oriented radio shows.

The Dow Jones & Company machine is one of the most powerful forces in American investing. Their indices are the industry standard, and the Wall Street Journal has the second highest circulation of any newspaper in North America. The Dow helped to start finance in the US and they look to be a big part of finance in the future.

For those that are new to investing, learning the lingo that is used on Wall Street and in economics classrooms around the globe is essential. When you hear the phrase “stock market” you get a vague picture of a group of men and women running around like crazy people with slips of paper in their hands and yelling out numbers and words that you can’t quite make out. To understand what’s going on, let’s start at the beginning and find out what stock is.

Stock can be described as the wealth (or capital) raised by a company or a corporation from the issuance of shares.

If you own stock in a company, say Microsoft, that would make you a shareholder in Microsoft. If you take all the shares available from Microsoft, or any other company and put them together, that is called Microsoft’s market capitalization. This is figured by multiplying the current price of a stock times the number of shares.

Stock falls into four major categories. There is common stock, preferred stock, duel class stock and treasury stock. Common stock is, just like the name says, the most common kind of stock available. Ownership of common shares usually comes with some voting rights when it comes to decisions made by the corporation. Preferred stock is different from common stock in the sense that they usually get paid more dividends and usually come with extra rights and decision making abilities for the company they are for. Dual Class stock is a combination of the previous two kinds of stock and the rights attached to each share vary. Finally, treasury stock are shares that were once issued to the public, but have since been bought back by the company.

The history of stocks goes back many hundred years to the Dutch East India Company, who began offering shares of their stock as far back as 1602. The East India Company helped to pioneer the idea of joint ownership and helped the economic growth in Europe at that time.

The most popular place to trade stocks in the United States is, of course, the New York Stock Exchange, where millions of shares change hands on a daily basis.

The world of economics and stock trading can be very exciting and very profitable for those that know the ins and outs. Hopefully, this article helped shed some light on what stocks are and how they are used by companies.

Once you’ve finished searching for that real estate investment of a lifetime, you’ve gone to the open houses, you’ve gotten the financing, made an offer, sat at home worrying if it’s going to be accepted, had the celebratory dinner once it was and then moved in, you’re faced with the chore of protecting it. The number of threats that your property faces can be staggering. It’s not just termites and crude neighbours that are looking to sink your land value, natural disasters are a part of owning land, too.

It doesn’t seem to matter where you live in North America, there is a natural disaster with your name on it. The south has their hurricanes, the northeast and Midwest has blizzards and the west has earthquakes. A quake is the most sinister of all natural disasters. People in the rest of the country can see a hurricane and blizzard coming days, sometimes even weeks away and properly prepare their property for the coming storm. With quakes, there is no warning (usually), there is no report on the news that morning saying you’re scheduled to get one. They just happen. So, how can you protect your investment from getting a bad case of the shakes? Here are a few tips.

A good first step would be to pick up the phone or log onto the company that carries your home insurance. Almost no homeowners policies cover earthquakes. If you have the extra cash every month, earthquake insurance is a very good idea, but be warned, it is considered catastrophic insurance, so the deductible is going to be very high, usually between 10-15 percent of the amount of your policy. It’s still a good thing to have. Check the website of the US Geological Survey to see if you live in a high enough risk area to warrant extra insurance.

A quick quake-proofing of your home is another good idea. This won’ so much protect your house as it will protect you if one strikes. Use latches to keep cabinets closed, always make sure you have fresh water around and working batteries in all flashlights. These are common sense steps that anyone who lives in any sort of disaster area should follow, whether it be earthquakes, hurricanes or blizzards.

A final step to safeguard your home is to know where your utilities shut offs are. Fires are common after earthquakes and you’ll want to know where your gas main shut off valve is so that you can turn it off and hopefully keep your house safe after a major quake. Also, do not turn the gas back on until you are told it’s safe to do so.

Keeping your investment safe from natural disasters can seem impossible, but with a little common sense planning, you can minimize the damage.

If you are wondering when the right time to refinance is, read further and find out more about home mortgage refinance.

A home mortgage refinance may just be the best financial decision you can make. However, refinancing is not for everyone. It is mostly a matter of right timing. This result to the unending question for homeowners everywhere: when is it exactly right to refinance?

There are many guidelines which can determine whether now the best time to get a home mortgage refinance is. However, despite all these guidelines, what actually determines “right timing” is dependent on your own financial situation. There are a number of signs which are indicative of ideal refinancing conditions. Here are some of them:

Refinancing to cut costs. When interest rates are dropping, it may be good to take on a new mortgage. The rule of thumb states that a difference of at least 2% should be followed for a home mortgage refinance to be worth it. Refinancing will result to either lower payments you need to pay monthly, or a shorter loan term to repay the entire money you owe. Either of these can save you money in the long term. However, take note that interest rates should never be the sole determining factor to influence your decision. Make sure you consider closing costs, fees and charges and find out if you will be end up paying more in the long run.

Home mortgage refinance for better loan terms. Many homeowners decide to refinance in order to get out of their current loan. If you have a pending balloon loan payment due soon but do not have the means to pay for it, or if you have an adjustable rate mortgage which is increasing, you may resort to refinancing to spare yourself of an even bigger trouble. You can choose to revert to a fixed rate mortgage to minimize risks.

The decision to take on a home mortgage refinance should also depend on how long you intend to stay in your home. If you expect to sell your home soon, refinancing may not make sense at all. Also, if you are already halfway through your existing loan, you will barely save anything with a new mortgage loan. However, if you plan to stay in your home for at least the next five years, you will probably have enough time to recoup the refinancing costs you have incurred and actually save you money.

Ultimately, finding the right time to refinance is mainly a matter of proper calculation and estimation based on your individual circumstances and parameters. It should depend on how long you will stay in your home, your financial goals, the current interest rates and good deals offered by lenders.

This is not to say that ideal conditions assure you of a risk-free decision. Refinancing does take some risk as all financial decisions do. However, as in all risks, you can minimize losses if you do your own research and make a wise assessment of how your home mortgage refinance will lead you to. Refinancing is indeed more than just a matter of timing.

For someone outside of the Wall Street marketplace, understanding the world of stocks, bonds, P E Ratios and some of the other jargon that’s used every day in the business section of the newspaper can be difficult. One such term that many people may use but not exactly understand is commodity. Most people know that commodities are traded like stocks and that they can be worth a lot of money, but if you ask more specifically, what is a commodity, many people wouldn’t be able to tell you.

So, what exactly is a commodity?

When talking about a commodity, there are a few qualities they usually have. Commodities are manufactured by more than one company and the quality of the commodity is the same from company to company. You wouldn’t be able to tell one companies product from another if you tried.

Sound confusing? It’s not, really. Things like oil, electricity and lumber are considered commodities. A product like, say, clothing wouldn’t be, because people can tell the difference between company A’s clothes and company B’s clothes. If you have a barrel of oil in front of you, it’s pretty much going to be the same as a barrel of oil from another company. The term that’s used in economics to describe this is product differentiation. If you can tell the two products apart, it’s not a commodity.

Historically, commodities are priced based on their “marginal cost,” which means the cost it takes to take the oil from the ground, barrel it and ship it. In today’s market, however, most commodities are priced higher based on things like one companies ability to do the job either faster or slower.

Other products fall into the commodity category like wheat, orange juice and pork bellies (the belly-part of a pig that bacon is made from). More recent commodities include Internet bandwidth and some computer chips.

A famous movie from the early 1980’s Trading Places was about a group of men who tried to make money on the commodities market. While the movie was fictitious, it showed how quickly large amounts of money can be made on the commodities market, and how quickly it can all be lost.

Understanding a little about what goes on on Wall Street can be a fun way to be introduced to the world of economics. While this introduction just skimmed the surface, the next time you hear someone mention commodities, you’ll know exactly what their talking about.